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28-08-2026 - The operational integrity of the Strait of Hormuz remains the linchpin of global energy security.
Recent geopolitical discourse surrounding potential bilateral maritime agreements—specifically regarding the control of the narrow navigable passage between Oman and Iran—highlights major legal and strategic friction points.

1. The 11-Kilometer Navigable Channel
While the Strait of Hormuz spans roughly 21 to 34 nautical miles at its narrowest points, the actual deep-water passage capable of accommodating Supertankers (VLCCs) is restricted to a narrow maritime corridor approximately 11 kilometers (2 nautical miles each way with a separation zone) wide.
Because this vital channel falls largely within Oman’s territorial waters under the Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS), any bilateral attempt to alter its status directly threatens global maritime traffic.

2. United States Strategic Opposition
Washington’s firm opposition to unapproved bilateral arrangements between Muscat and Tehran stems from core national security principles:
Freedom of Navigation (FONOPs): The U.S. Navy enforces unimpeded passage through international choke points.
Unilateral oversight by regional powers compromises the transit rights of commercial and military vessels.
Global Energy Shock: With roughly 20% of global petroleum consumption transiting the Strait, any operational disruption introduces severe volatility to global commodity markets.

3. International Law & Article 38 of UNCLOS
Under Article 38 of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), all ships and aircraft enjoy the non-suspendable right of "Transit Passage" through straits used for international navigation.

If a littoral state attempts to suspend or restrict transit through the 11-kilometer corridor:
Legal Invalidity: It constitutes a direct breach of customary international maritime law.
Sovereignty & Security Risks: Such measures elevate the risk of direct naval intervention by international coalitions to enforce freedom of navigation, while fundamentally undermining regional neutral diplomacy

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