Rassegne stampa
Impoverished Afghans Turn To Booming Crystal-Meth Industry To Eke Out A Living
By www.rferl.org
08-06-2023 - Una devastante crisi umanitaria ed economica ha costretto milioni di Afghani a trovare nuove fonti di reddito.Un numero crescente di loro si è rivolto alla fiorente industria della metanfetamina per guadagnarsi da vivere e scongiurare la fame.
Tra loro c'è Ahmad Wali, che vive nella remota provincia di Ghor, nell'Afghanistan centrale. Si ritiene che Wali sia tra le migliaia di persone che guadagnano denaro raccogliendo l'efedra, un'erba selvatica che viene utilizzata per produrre metanfetamine.
"Per ora, è la nostra unica fonte di reddito", ha detto a Radio Azadi di RFE/RL. "Lo raccogliamo dalle montagne e lo vendiamo in città."
La conquista dell'Afghanistan da parte dei talebani nell'agosto 2021 ha aggravato una grave crisi umanitaria e innescato un collasso economico. I donatori occidentali hanno bruscamente interrotto l'assistenza al paese fortemente dipendente dagli aiuti e imposto sanzioni al nuovo governo non riconosciuto.
Si stima che circa un milione di Afghani abbiano perso il lavoro da quando il gruppo militante ha preso il potere, unendosi alle centinaia di migliaia che erano già disoccupati.
I raccoglitori vendono l'efedra, un'erba comune conosciuta localmente come "oman", nei mercati locali per circa $ 5 al chilogrammo. Gli acquirenti, la maggior parte dei quali intermediari, poi lo rivendono per trarne profitto.
A devastating humanitarian and economic crisis has forced millions of Afghans to find new sources of income.
A growing number of them have turned to the booming methamphetamine industry to eke out a living and stave off starvation.
Among them is Ahmad Wali, who lives in the remote province of Ghor in central Afghanistan. Wali is believed to be among the thousands of people who earn money by collecting ephedra, a wild herb that is used to make crystal meth.
"For now, it is our only source of income," he told RFE/RL's Radio Azadi. "We collect it from the mountains and sell it in the city."
The Taliban's takeover of Afghanistan in August 2021 worsened a major humanitarian crisis and triggered an economic collapse. Western donors abruptly cut off assistance to the heavily aid-dependent country and imposed sanctions on the new, unrecognized government.
An estimated one million Afghans have lost their jobs since the militant group seized power, joining the hundreds of thousands who were already unemployed.
Harvesters sell ephedra, a common herb that is locally known as "oman," in local markets for around $5 per kilogram. The buyers, most of them middlemen, then sell it on for a profit.
"I profit by buying it from the harvesters and selling it on to major [producers]," Noor Ahmad, a distributor from Ghor, told Radio Azadi.
The ephedra is then processed in the hundreds of meth labs that are believed to exist in Afghanistan to make meth. The drug, which has the appearance of white crystals, is then smuggled to neighboring countries, from where it eventually reaches Europe and North America.
The crystal-meth industry took off around 2017, when drug traffickers discovered that the native ephedra herb could be used to make ephedrine, the key ingredient in crystal meth.
For decades, Afghanistan has been the world's biggest producer of opium. But experts say the country has also become a significant supplier of crystal meth.
The meth industry is booming despite the Taliban issuing a ban in December 2021 on the cultivation, production, and trafficking of all illicit narcotics.
Experts say the militant group has turned a blind eye to the lucrative drug trade. The cash-strapped Taliban government, they say, is unwilling to enforce its ban because illicit narcotics remains a major source of revenue.
The militants are also unable to provide alternative livelihoods for the tens of thousands of farmers who are dependent on the drug trade for survival, experts say.
"The narcotics industry and other informal aspects of the economy appear to be serving as a safety net for the vast numbers of Afghans thrust into poverty since the Taliban takeover," Graeme Smith, an author on Afghanistan and a senior consultant for the International Crisis Group, a Brussels-based think tank, told RFE/RL.
Wahid Hamas, the spokesman for the Taliban's governor of Ghor Province, said the authorities were serious about rooting out drugs in Afghanistan, which is home to an estimated 3.5 million addicts, a number that accounts for around 10 percent of the population.
Hamas said the group had seized tons of narcotics, arrested dozens of alleged traffickers, and destroyed drug labs since the ban was issued.
"That would mean depriving hungry people of livelihoods at the same time as foreign donors give less and less assistance," Smith pointed out. "This double whammy could immiserate even more Afghans."
International donors provided around $3 billion in humanitarian aid to Afghanistan in 2022, a figure that Smith says is unlikely to be matched this year.
’Staggering' Production
For years, the Taliban has taxed poppy farmers and been involved in the trafficking of narcotics to neighboring countries.
The United Nations estimated that the Afghan opium trade generated some $2.7 billion of income in 2021. A 2020 report commissioned by NATO said that the Taliban earned more than $400 million from the drug industry, although some experts believe such estimates are exaggerated.
Najib Ahmadi, a former senior Afghan counternarcotics official, says that during its insurgency the Taliban was against the production of meth and banned it in areas it controlled. The group, he says, feared that meth would undermine its income from taxing opium cultivation and heroin trafficking.
"[But] the production of meth has increased after the Taliban returned to power," he said. "Meth is now being processed in all corners of the country."
Ahmadi adds that most of the meth in Afghanistan was produced in the country's western and northern provinces.
"The production of meth has been staggering since the Taliban captured power," he said. "It now competes with opiates."
Based on reporting by Radio Azadi reporters in Afghanistan and in the region whose names are being withheld for security reasons
//www.rferl.org/a/afghanistan-crystal-meth-booming/32274670.html
Redazione
Rassegne stampa
11-07-2024 - GD - Roma, 9 lug. 24 - Ci risiamo. I codardi russi continuano a bombardare da grande distanza i civili ucraini. Il barbaro attacco di ieri all’ospedale...
20-06-2024 - Una ricompensa da 10 milioni di dollari sulla sua testa, «Specially Designated Global Terrorist» dal 2008 per il Dipartimento di Stato Usa, a lungo...
20-06-2024 - AFGHANISTAN
A pochi giorni da un’importante conferenza dell’Onu sull’Afghanistan, botta e risposta tra Richard Bennett, relatore speciale delle...
14-06-2024 - Quale futuro per la difesa europea? La domanda è stata posta con forza durante il convegno organizzato dal Centro Studi Machiavelli che si è tenuto...
08-06-2024 - La cultura dominante sulle nuove imprese dimentica l'importanza di una solida politica industriale per le piccole e medie imprese italiane dell'aerospazio,...